Ḥunayn, Ḥubaysh, and the Arabic vocabulary of Galen (motion/films/hunayn), 99.82 s, 1920 x 1080.
A General Translation film, translation series.
Ship this text with the film wherever it is published (the description field
of the post or the video page). Each picture's credit is also on screen while
the picture is shown.

Images

- Constantine the African, Liber de oculis, in the Codex Gigas (Bohemia,
  between 1204 and 1230), f. 249r, column a: the prologue with its rubric,
  and the coats of the eye. National Library of Sweden (Kungliga
  biblioteket), HS A 148, https://www.manuscripta.se/ms/100500 (IIIF image
  ms-100500_0495). Photograph: Per B. Adolphson, CC BY 4.0
  (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Changes: cropped, graded
  for legibility (the channel divided by the parchment's own level, which
  flattens the water stain), and printed through the film's dither screen.
  No reading or expansion of the leaf's Latin is set on screen: the leaf's
  words are lit where the narration names them, without captions. The Latin
  names in the film's table of the coats of the eye, retina, uvea and cornea,
  are Constantine's names as the narration says them, in modern spelling (the
  leaf writes uuea), not a transcription of the leaf.
- Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq's diagram of the coats of the eye, from the copy of the
  Ten Treatises on the Eye dated 1196, as reproduced by Max Meyerhof, The
  Book of the Ten Treatises on the Eye Ascribed to Hunain ibn Is-hâq
  (Cairo: Government Press, 1928), Plate 1, and the same book's Arabic
  p. 80. Wellcome Collection, https://wellcomecollection.org/works/xxrzwgrq
  (IIIF b31362370_0001_0444 and _0437). Public Domain Mark. Changes: Plate 1
  cropped to the drawing and turned 90 degrees counterclockwise, so the
  optic nerve points up as on the manuscript page; both cropped and printed
  through the film's dither screen.
- Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq, Risāla to ʿAlī ibn Yaḥyā, Arabic text ed. Gotthelf
  Bergsträsser, Ḥunain ibn Isḥāq über die syrischen und arabischen
  Galen-Übersetzungen (Leipzig, 1925), Arabic pp. 1 to 5, 10, 17 and 18.
  Wellcome Collection, https://wellcomecollection.org/works/j357bdwz (IIIF
  b31350598_0080 to _0084, _0073, _0066, _0065). Public Domain Mark.
  Changes: cropped (the margins with a later reader's pencil notes, the
  running heads and the apparatus are outside the crops) and printed
  through the film's dither screen.
- Galen, To Glaucon, in the Alexandrian summary, the heading naming Ḥunayn
  ibn Isḥāq as translator. Wellcome Collection, MS Arabic 62, image 0005,
  https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ynu85x86 . Public Domain Mark.
  Changes: cropped to the right-hand page's text block and printed through
  the film's dither screen.
- The globe is drawn from Natural Earth's 1:50m land (public domain),
  through world-atlas 2.0.2 (Mike Bostock, ISC licence).

Texts set in type

- The table of the coats of the eye: the Arabic names as Max Meyerhof prints
  them on Arabic p. 80 of The Book of the Ten Treatises on the Eye (1928),
  where the Greek names stand beside them in Arabic letters; the Greek names
  in Greek letters as Meyerhof's English translation gives them (p. 4), with
  their meanings; the Latin names from Constantine the African's Liber de
  oculis, in modern spelling.
- The people's names and dates: after Bergsträsser 1925, Meyerhof 1928,
  Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿa (ʿUyūn al-anbāʾ, ch. 8.29 to 8.31) and Ibn al-Qifṭī
  (Taʾrīkh al-ḥukamāʾ).
- "This is my habit in everything I translate.": Ḥunayn's sentence on
  Bergsträsser's Arabic p. 5, l. 7, translated for this film and checked
  against Bergsträsser's German translation (p. 4).
- D. W. Tschanz, "Hunayn bin Ishaq: The Great Translator", Journal of the
  International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine 1, no. 3 (2003),
  cited as an example of the popular account. Dimitri Gutas, Greek Thought,
  Arabic Culture (London: Routledge, 1998), pp. 53 to 60; M.-G.
  Balty-Guesdon (1992); M. Di Branco (2012): titles set in type only.

Type: Inter (Rasmus Andersson), Noto Sans Arabic (the Noto Project Authors)
and Geist Mono (Vercel), SIL Open Font License 1.1.
Voices: ElevenLabs (Frederick Surrey, narrator; Ghizlane, Arabic reader).
Music: ElevenLabs Music API. Effects: made from seeded noise.